How ADHD Is Diagnosed
Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms as well as any history of ADHD. He will also review your family history.
Often, people are diagnosed with ADHD later in life. A significant event like a pregnancy or relationship problems can prompt awareness of the problem. The first step in addressing ADHD symptoms and improving function is to obtain a diagnosis.
Characteristics
While many children struggle with staying still, waiting their turn and paying attention in school or in other settings, children who meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD suffer from these issues to the extent that affects their functioning at home, in school or at work. The symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity should have been present for at minimum six months and be noticeably greater than expected for their age or developmental level. In addition, they must be causing significant suffering and difficulties at school, at home or work, and in relationships.
The diagnosis of ADHD requires a thorough clinical evaluation by a trained health professional. This may include a physical exam, and also examining for other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as thyroid disease or depression. The health professional will also look at the person's family history as well as examine medical, psychiatric and academic records. The doctor will also inquire with the patient about their symptoms. Children are asked questions in accordance with their age. parents may be interviewed.
The doctor will apply the American Psychiatric Society's clinical guidelines for diagnosing ADHD for children and adults that are described in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). He or she will examine the person's current symptoms and past behavior, looking at how they interfere with their family, social, and professional life. If it is possible the therapist will review the person's school and childhood experiences.
When evaluating adults, a healthcare professional will look into whether they have a mental health condition that is co-occurring, and whether there is a history of ADHD in the family. People who have family members who suffer from the disorder are more likely to develop it themselves.
If a healthcare professional suspects that someone is suffering from ADHD and is concerned about it, they will conduct an entire clinical examination. This involves examining the patient's symptoms and requesting that they keep a journal every day of their symptoms over a period of several weeks. He or she will also inquire about any other medical conditions the patient has and will refer to the DSM-5 symptom guide to see whether they meet the criteria for ADHD.
Diagnosis
Many health care providers who are interested in ADHD or who specialize in mental illness are able to screen and diagnose the disorder. Clinical psychologists, nurse practitioner psychiatrists, physician assistants and psychologists are all certified to identify ADHD. Some family doctors diagnose ADHD in adolescents, children and adults. They may refer adults for a comprehensive evaluation.
The first step in diagnosing ADHD is an extensive medical examination which includes a thorough examination of vision and hearing. A specialist might also suggest an MRI scanner called an EEG Based Assessment Aid (NEBA) to measure the relative intensity of theta and Beta waves in the brain. This type of scan is a safe, noninvasive method to screen people for ADHD.
In an interview with the person, the examiner reviews the person's medical and psychiatric history going back to childhood, as well as the present symptoms and strategies for coping. The doctor checks to see if the person meets the diagnostic criteria for either inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive or combined ADHD presentations as defined by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
The doctor will request teachers and other professionals who spend a lot of time with children to fill out questionnaires or checklists. The doctor may also ask parents to complete these forms. Adults are often asked to speak to their spouses, coworkers, and other close friends. They might also want to interview someone who has known the person since childhood.
During the diagnostic process, the mental health professional looks for signs that indicate whether the person is experiencing predominantly inattentive or primarily hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. The doctor will determine how long symptoms have been present and whether they are causing problems at home, at the workplace, at school, or in any other aspect of life.
The mental health professional should also look for any other disorders that have symptoms with ADHD, such as depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder. The professional should also look for any physical causes for the person's symptoms, such as thyroid dysfunction or sleep issues. Additionally, a thorough screening will also check the person's emotional, social and family background.
Treatment
Children with ADHD need to learn how to manage their symptoms. adhd diagnosis adult uk can help with this by encouraging school staff to watch the child's progress, giving positive feedback and being flexible and patient. They can also help teach the child relaxation techniques and techniques for calming like meditation or yoga. Regular physical activity and a balanced diet can enhance the ability of a lot of children suffering from ADHD to focus and concentrate. Sugary foods and beverages can cause more symptoms. They should also ensure they get enough rest.
The signs of ADHD may persist throughout adolescence and even into adulthood. Adults may have difficulty in their work or relationships. A doctor will conduct an assessment to determine if someone has ADHD and the severity of it. The evaluation typically includes a mental health history as well as a physical examination and interviews with the person as well as his or her parents, spouse or a life partner, and others who know him or her well. The provider may ask for a list of the individual's symptoms and how they affect him or her. He or she might also employ rating scales and other tests to verify that the person meets standardized criteria for ADHD. The person may also ask about any medical conditions that may mimic ADHD symptoms, like seizures and thyroid disorders.
If the person is diagnosed with ADHD the medication is typically prescribed to control the symptoms. Stimulants are commonly prescribed to treat ADHD as well as in children and adults. These medications can cause negative side effects. It is recommended that you take these medications under the supervision of a physician and with prescription. Discuss with your doctor the medications you take. Certain medications can interact with stimulants and trigger dangerous adverse effects. Many people suffering from ADHD have to test a variety of types and dosages of medication before settling on the one that is right for them.
Prevention
In some cases it is possible to reduce exposure to triggers from the environment can help to prevent ADHD symptoms. These triggers may include diet and sleep habits, family structure and medication. A GP can guide you in finding ways to control triggers and recommend an dietitian for nutritional advice or additional support.
Consult your GP for more details. Avoid taking supplements that do not have research-based backing or that might interfere with certain medications.
Adults who suspect they have ADHD should see a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist to establish a diagnosis. The doctor will take a detailed history, conduct physical examination and review medical records to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms. The therapist will talk to the patient, examine the person's behavior in different environments and apply standardized rating scales. He or she will consider the extent and duration of the core ADHD-related symptoms, as well in determining whether they have an impact on a person's daily life.
A therapist may work with a patient and their family members to improve parenting skills, teach time management, and other organizational techniques. They may also train the patient in metacognitive skills which includes the identification and correction of "thinking distortions" leading to negative moods or the perception of limited choices. Psychologists can also prescribe certain medication and work with other mental health professionals to provide complete treatment.
Parents can help by providing a stable and loving home, setting clear expectations and rewards, encouraging an excellent sleep hygiene and avoid stimulants. Parents should also encourage their children to socialize, and make an effort to develop a healthy relationship with their spouse.
School staff can provide valuable information about behavior and learning problems in the student however they are unable to diagnose ADHD or decide on treatment. The student's parents and healthcare provider must make these decisions with the assistance of the teacher.